Feature	Description	Example Use Case
Workbook & Worksheet	A workbook contains multiple worksheets (tabs).	Managing monthly reports in different sheets of a single workbook.
Cells, Rows, Columns	Basic building blocks where you enter data.	A1 cell can contain a name, A2 a number.
Data Types	Text, numbers, dates, currencies, etc.	Date of birth in date format, salary in currency format.
Data Entry	Manual typing or copy-paste of data.	Typing “John” in cell A1 and “5000” in A2.
Formatting	Bold, italics, font size, color, alignment, borders.	Bold and color all column headers.
Cell Styles and Themes	Predefined formatting styles for quick styling.	Applying a “Heading 1” style to titles.
Conditional Formatting	Automatically formats cells based on rules.	Highlight sales below ₹1000 in red.
Data Validation	Restrict what data can be entered in a cell.	Allow only dates between 2020 and 2025.
Drop-down List (Data Validation)	Create a list of allowed entries.	Select “Yes”, “No”, or “Maybe” from a drop-down.
Find and Replace	Locate or change specific content.	Replace all “Pending” with “Completed”.
Sorting	Arrange data in ascending or descending order.	Sort a list of employees by their salary.
Filtering	Show only rows that match a condition.	Show only rows where status = “Active”.
Tables	Convert a range to a table with filtering and formatting.	Create a table of sales data for better layout.
Freeze Panes	Keep rows or columns visible while scrolling.	Freeze top row to keep headings in view.
Split Window	Split the screen to view two parts of the sheet.	Compare top and bottom of a long list.
Hide/Unhide Rows & Columns	Temporarily remove rows/columns from view.	Hide confidential salary columns.
Insert/Delete Rows/Columns	Add or remove rows/columns from the sheet.	Insert a new row between existing rows.
Merge & Center	Combine multiple cells and center the text.	Merge A1:C1 and center the title.
Wrap Text	Display long text on multiple lines in one cell.	Show full address in one cell without overflow.
Text Orientation	Rotate or angle text in a cell.	Vertical text in table headers.
Page Layout Settings	Margins, orientation, print area, scaling.	Set page to landscape before printing.
Headers & Footers	Text/images that appear at top or bottom of print pages.	Add page numbers and file name in footer.
Print Preview & Print Settings	Review before printing, set scaling, paper size.	Preview sheet to avoid cutting off columns.
Comments & Notes	Add notes to explain cells (old: comments, new: threaded notes).	Leave a note explaining a change in cell B5.
Hyperlinks	Link to websites, files, email, or other cells.	Add a link to company website in a cell.
Named Ranges	Assign a name to a range for easy reference.	Name A1:A10 as “SalesData” to use elsewhere.
Protect Sheet/Workbook	Restrict editing or viewing with passwords.	Lock a sheet to prevent accidental edits.
Track Changes (Legacy)	Monitor changes made by others.	See who edited which cell in a shared workbook.
Share & Collaborate	Share with others, collaborate in real-time (with OneDrive).	Multiple users editing the same sheet online.
Comments/Threaded Conversations	Collaborate with comments like a chat.	Ask a team member to verify a value via a comment.
Insert Charts	Visual representation of data (bar, pie, line, etc.).	Show sales growth with a line chart.
PivotTables	Summarize large datasets dynamically.	Create a summary of sales by region.
PivotCharts	Graphical view of PivotTable data.	Bar chart based on pivoted sales data.
Slicers	Visual filters for PivotTables or tables.	Click buttons to filter by product category.
Timeline (for PivotTables)	Filter PivotTables by date ranges.	Analyze sales by month or quarter.
Cell Comments	Add notes for clarification or feedback.	“Check this number with finance team.”
Insert Shapes, Icons, SmartArt	Add visual elements like arrows, flowcharts.	Add a process diagram using SmartArt.
Insert Images	Add pictures from file or online.	Insert product photos in reports.
Insert Screenshot/Camera Tool	Insert a snapshot of any window or range.	Add a view of another table from the same sheet.
Sparklines	Tiny charts in a single cell.	Show trend of sales in one cell beside the row.
Flash Fill	Auto fill data based on pattern.	Split “John Smith” into first and last name automatically.
Quick Analysis Tool	Suggestions for charts, totals, formatting.	Highlight a table and get chart suggestions.
Goal Seek (What-If Analysis)	Find input needed to reach a desired result.	What salary gives ₹1 lakh tax?
Scenario Manager	Save and switch between different data scenarios.	Compare “Best case” vs “Worst case” projections.
Data Consolidation	Combine data from multiple sheets.	Merge region-wise sales into one summary.
Group/Ungroup Data	Create collapsible sections for rows/columns.	Group months under each quarter.
Subtotals	Auto-insert totals when data is grouped.	Get subtotal of sales per department.
Remove Duplicates	Identify and delete duplicate values.	Clean customer list with unique emails only.
Text to Columns	Split cell contents by delimiter.	Separate full names by space into first and last.
Import Data	Load data from other sources (CSV, web, SQL, etc.).	Import product catalog from a CSV file.
Power Query (Get & Transform)	Advanced data import, shaping, and transformation.	Clean and merge multiple Excel files automatically.
Power Pivot	Advanced data modeling and large datasets.	Create complex data models across multiple tables.
Data Model	Combine multiple tables for PivotTable analysis.	Link sales and product tables using product ID.
Excel Templates	Pre-built file formats for common tasks.	Use “Invoice” template to bill clients.
Keyboard Shortcuts	Speed up navigation and actions.	Use Ctrl+C to copy, Ctrl+Z to undo.